Anaphoric and Cataphoric references

Anaphoric reference means that a word in a text refers back to other ideas in the text for its meaning. It can be compared with cataphoric reference, which means a word refers to ideas later in the text.

Example
‘I went out with Jo on Sunday. She looked awful.' ´She` clearly refers to Jo, there is no need to repeat her name.

Cataphoric reference means that a word in a text refers to another later in the text and you need to look forward to understand. It can be compared with anaphoric reference, which means a word refers back to another word for its meaning.

Example
'When he arrived, John noticed that the door was open'.

Sources: http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/knowledge-database/anaphoric-reference

http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/knowledge-database/cataphoric-reference